Dr. Joseph's research group focuses on the societal, epidemiological and biological determinants of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease with a health equity lens. Major foci are evaluating: 1) The role of classical risk factors in the development and treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular disease; and 2) The role of novel risk factors including adrenal hormones and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, specifically aldosterone and cortisol, in the development and treatment of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Approaches used span from epidemiology to clinical and population level research.